How to make a sentences for beginner (for PGSD students class A and B)
Independent clause: An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. It contains a subject and a verb and is a complete idea.
- I like spaghetti.
- He reads many books.
Dependent clause: A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be attached to an independent clause to become complete. This is also known as a subordinate clause.
- Although I like spaghetti,…
- Because he reads many books,…
Subject: A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that does an action. Determine the subject in a sentence by asking the question “Who or what?”
- I like spaghetti.
- He reads many books.
Verb: Expresses what the person, animal, place, thing, or concept does. Determine the verb in a sentence by asking the question “What was the action or what happened?”
- I like spaghetti.
- He reads many books.
- The movie is good. (The be verb is also sometimes referred to as a copula or a linking verb. It links the subject, in this case "the movie," to the complement or the predicate of the sentence, in this case, "good.")
Object: A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that receives the action. Determine the object in a sentence by asking the question “The subject did what?” or “To whom?/For whom?”
- I like spaghetti.
- He reads many books.
Prepositional Phrase: A phrase that begins with a preposition (i.e., in, at for, behind, until, after, of, during) and modifies a word in the sentence. A prepositional phrase answers one of many questions. Here are a few examples: “Where? When? In what way?”
- I like spaghetti for dinner.
- He reads many books in the library.
English Sentence Structure
The following statements are true about sentences in English:
- A new sentence begins with a capital letter.
- He obtained his degree.
- A sentence ends with punctuation (a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point).
- He obtained his degree.
- A sentence contains a subject that is only given once.
Smithhe obtained his degree.
- A sentence contains a verb or a verb phrase.
- He obtained his degree.
- A sentence follows Subject + Verb + Object word order.
- He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object).
- A sentence must have a complete idea that stands alone. This is also called an independent clause.
- He obtained his degree.
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have an object and modifiers. However, it contains only one independent clause.
Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics = object, pink, regular font =prepositional phrase
Here are a few examples:
- She wrote.
- She completed her literature review.
- He organized his sources by theme.
- They studied APA rules for many hours.
Compound Sentences
A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses. These two independent clauses can be combined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction or with a semicolon.
Key: independent clause = yellow, bold; comma or semicolon = pink, regular font; coordinating conjunction = green, underlined
Here are a few examples:
- She completed her literature review, and she created her reference list.
- He organized his sources by theme; then, he updated his reference list.
- They studied APA rules for many hours, but they realized there was still much to learn.
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